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IPA for English Consonants
Each sound is shown at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of a word
e.g. /p/ pet - happen - top.
Some sounds cannot be used in certain positions. These are represented by '.....'
e.ɡ. /h/ house - ahead - ..... (i.e. we do not use /h/ at the end of words).
Plosives ('explosive' consonants)
/p/ pet - happen - top
/b/ bet - about - job
/t/ too - matter - fit
/d/ do - ready - add
/k/ could - lucky - book
/g/ good - again - mug
Fricatives ('friction' consonants)
/f/ fan - offer - off
/v/ van - over - love
/θ/ think - author - mouth
/ð/ this - other - breathe
/s/ sip - lesson - miss
/z/ zip - busy - nose
/ʃ/ shoe - fashion - wish
/ʒ/ (genre) - measure - massage /ˈmæsɑːʒ/ or /məˈsɑːʒ/
/h/ house - ahead - .....
Affricates ('explosive' + 'friction')
/tʃ/ chat - itchy - catch
/dʒ/ jump - budget - edge
Nasals (air comes out of the nose, not the mouth)
/m/ make - human - him
/n/ nice - any - pen
/ŋ/ ..... - sinɡer - sing
Approximants (soft, smooth consonants)
/l/ like - hello - bill
/r/ red - arrange - .....
/j/ yes - (layer) - .....
/w/ water - away - .....